Literally speaking natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard (e.g., flood, tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption, earthquake, heat wave, or landslide). Disaster management is increasingly a global enterprise for international organizations, Governmental institutions, and arguably individuals. Disasters are either caused by natural phenomena or human action. Natural disasters can be also exacerbated by human error during reaction and mitigation .Examples of natural disasters internationally mitigated include earthquakes, volcano eruptions, severe droughts, floods, and indeed tsunamis.
Disaster management is a vast domain that includes treaties, laws, policies, equipment, and training implemented by the United Nations down to community civil defense organizations. Organizations can be characterized by their roles in disaster management such as policy making, types of disasters they respond to, funding sources and benefactors, information sharing, training and preparation, response personnel and equipment, damage assessment, response and recovery, and control. Local government should provide them with economical as well as human resources. Disasters on a continuum include small-scale events localized. Small disasters are relevant, often posing unique problems, they typically are locally mitigated.
Disaster management begins with preparations. Preparations range from earthquake proof building codes to public alerts. Preparations also include training. Training not only familiarizes people with disaster management duties, but also identifies where additional preparations might be needed. For disaster management training, situational awareness depicting a scenario both analog and digitally can be used to exercise participants. Analog procedures could be as simple as having participants use a map and phone to react to scripted events. Digital procedures might be as complex as simulations portraying a disaster and participant mitigation efforts distributed in real-time across dedicated communication lines.
The training should reflect the real disaster were it to occur. Then only we can bail out of such devastating situation. Disaster management training is often conducted with the use of localized and distributed simulations.
Presentation on "Nanotechnology in Civil Engineering" is below:-
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